Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific heart abnormalities that are present at birth. These abnormalities include a ventricular septal defect (a hole in the wall between the heart's lower chambers), pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve and artery), overriding aorta (the aorta is positioned directly over the ventricular septal defect), and right ventricular hypertrophy (thickening of the muscle in the right ventricle). Research in the area of tetralogy of Fallot typically focuses on understanding the causes and risk factors for the condition, improving diagnostic techniques, developing new treatments and surgical procedures, and improving long-term outcomes for individuals with this heart defect. Studies may also explore genetic factors, environmental influences, and potential complications associated with tetralogy of Fallot. Overall, research in this area aims to improve the quality of life and outcomes for individuals living with tetralogy of Fallot.